Adjective- English grammar-Basic to advanced level

Adjective- English grammar

Adjective- An adjective is a word they used with a noun or pronoun add something to the noun or pronoun.

Adjective वह शब्द है, जो एक Sentence में प्रयुक्त Noun या Pronoun की विशेषता बताता है।

Examples-: 

1. She is a good girl

2. He gave me five pens.

3. Alwar is a small city.

4. This is a great man. 

 Kind of adjective-:

1.Proper adjective:- Proper pronoun से बनने वाले adjective, proper adjective कहलाते है।

Ex- 1. India - Indian 

       2. Africa- African

       3. America- American 

Examples-: 

1. Mohan is an Indian citizen.
2. She earns African dollars.
3. He is an American leader.                  

 2.Adjective of quality:- ये adjectives किसी व्यक्ति वस्तु या स्थान की विशेषता (quality) बताते है।

Ex- Honest man, Beautiful lady, big city, a large building, a beautiful place, a black dog, a white tiger.

These are also called defining objectives.

Examples-: 

1. Ramesh is an honest man
2. Reema is a beautifullady.
3. Katni is a big city.
4. This is a beautiful girl.
5. This is a large building in the city.
6. I have a black dog in my home.

सभी words, the adjective of quality है, जो संबंधित noun की विशेषता बता रहें है। 

3. Adjective of quantity:- यह adjectives, noun की quantity (मात्रा/परिणाम) को व्यक्त करता है।

Ex - Whole, some, enough, sufficient, full, entire,

Examples-: 

1. The whole property is dividing between twin sisters.
2. I have some money in my wallet.
3. I have enough knowledge.
4. She has sufficient money for the journey.

4.Adjective of numbers:- यह adjectives व्यक्तियों, वस्तुओं की संख्या व्यक्त करता है ।

Examples-: one, two, many, few, all some, etc. 

 Adjective number को तीन भागों में विभाजित किया गया है।

1. Definite number adjective:- जो exact number or order की जानकारी देता है.

Ex-: 1. One, two, three, four, first, second, third.

1. Exact number- one, two, three, four

Examples-: 

1. The cow has one tail and two eyes.
2. I have only two books.
3. Three men are waiting for you.

2. Order- first, second, third, fourth

Examples-:

1. Ram was the first in the class.
2. I have qualified for this exam with the second rank. 

2. Indefinite number adjective:- ये adjectives, exact number व्यक्त नहीं करते हैं। 

Ex- any, all, few, some, several, many, certain, etc.

Examples-: 

1. Any of you can play this game.
2. You have any idea.
3. I have a few friends.
4. Some people are honest.
5. Several girls are cooking food.
6. Many of them are hardworking.

3. Distributive number adjective:- either, each, every, neither distributive adjective कहलाते है। अर्थात जो distribution को व्यक्त करते है। जो distribution को व्यक्त करते है।

Examples-: 

1. Either of the students has gone.
2. Either of the boys has forgotten his books.
3. Each student is happy.
4. Each student was given a prize by the chief guest
5. Every day is not a Sunday.
6. Neither of these books was ever used.
7. Neither of these books is informative.

5. Demonstrative adjective:-  this adjective points out which person or thing.

ये adjective particular व्यक्ति या स्थान को व्यक्त करते है।

Ex-: this, that, these, such, those, etc.

Examples-: 

1. This man is brave.
2. That math book is very useful.
3. These mangoes are very sweet.
4. Such people are not faithful.
5. Those people do not agree with work.

6. Emphasizing adjective:- महत्व / या बल / जोर Own, very, quite जैसे शब्द जो noun को emphasis करने हेतु प्रयुक्त होते है, emphasis adjective कहलाता है। 

Ex- Same, own, very same, etc.

Examples-: 

1. This is the very laptop I wanted.
2. You are doing the same mistake again and again.
3. Ram has been living in the very same street.

7.Exclamatory adjective:- What का प्रयोग वाक्य में exclamation हेतु होता है।

Examples-: 

1. What a beautiful girl!
2. What an idea!

8.Possessive adjective:- My, his, your, her, their इत्यादि possessive adjective है, जो noun का अधिकार (हक ) व्यक्त करते है। 

Examples-:

1. Your daughter is intelligent.
2. His mother is very heart kind.

      Formation of the adjective

• Formation of the adjective -: कुछ adjective, noun में कुछ शब्द जोड़ने से बनते है -

Noun	Adjective
Gold	Golden
Fool	Foolish
Care	Care full
Trouble	Troublesome
Shame	Seamless
Glory	Glorious
Boy	Boyish
Laugh	Laughable
Man	Manly
Women	womanish

•  कुछ Adjective, Verb में कुछ शब्द जोड़कर बनाए जाते हैं-

Verb	Adjective
Tire	Thrive
Move	Movable
Talk	Talkative
Eat	Edible

• कुछ Adjective अन्य Adjective में ही कुछ  शब्द जोड़कर बनाए जाते है! 

Adjective	Adjective
Color	Color
Black	Blackish

Formation of the comparative and superlative adjective:-

• कुछ comparative/superlative/positive form के साथ “er” एवं “est” लगाने से बनते है, जैसे:-

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Sweet	Sweeter	Sweetest
Young	Younger	Youngest
Long	Longer	Longest

• जब positive के अंत में “e” आता है, और comparative बनाने के लिए केवल “r” तथा superlative बनाने के लिए केवल “st” ही जोड़ना होता है:-

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
White	Whiter	Whitest
Noble	Nobler	Noblest

• जब positive के अंत में “y” आता है , एवं उससे पूर्व एक व्यंजन आता है । तो “y” का परिवर्तन I में हो जाता है , तथा “er” एवं “Est” लगाने से comparative एवं superlative adjective बनते है :-

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Easy	Easier	Easiest
Lovely	Lovelier	loveliest

• जब positive के अंत में कोई single consonant आता है, एवं उससे पहले कोई vowel आता है, तो comparative एवं superlative बनाते समय यह consonant दो बार आता है,(double हो जाता है) जैसे :-

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Big	Bigger	Biggest
Hot	Hotter	Hottest

 

•  कुछ cases  में comparative एवं superlative adjective बनाने के adverb , more एवं most का प्रयोग किया जाता है ।

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Difficult	More difficult	Most difficult

• कुछ adjective अपनी positive form से बिल्कुल अलग बनते है , इसके कोई नियम नहीं है।

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Bad	Worse	worst
Much	More	Most

 

कृपया इस पोस्ट को जरूर शेयर करें ।